Palabras clave
Lexicografia
Novo Testamento
Cómo citar
Resumen
Este artigo explora o conceito do remanescente no Novo Testamento (NT) a partir de uma análise lexicográfica do termo grego λοιπός (loipós), frequentemente traduzido por "remanescente". O objetivo é investigar o significado dessa palavra nos versos em que aparece, correlacionando tais aparições nas diferentes seções do NT e buscando compreender sua carga teológica. O estudo revela que o termo é um adjetivo presente no texto grego neotestamentário, com as três funções do adjetivo (adjetival, substantivada e adverbial) em todas as seções, exceto na apocalíptica, em que a função adverbial não é encontrada. A maior carga teológica é observada no uso substantival, que se refere a: (1) uma discriminação explícita entre dois grupos distintos, um infiel e nas trevas, em contraste com os discípulos no Evangelho e os leitores de Paulo; e (2) uma discriminação não explícita, na qual o Apocalipse contrasta dois grupos de remanescentes – um fiel e outro infiel –, cada um com suas características distintivas.
Citas
ABBOTT, T. K. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles to the Ephesians and to the Colossians. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1909. (The International Critical Commentary).
ARICHEA, D. C. A Handbook on Paul's Letters to Timothy and to Titus. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1995. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
ARICHEA, D. C.; HATTON, H. A Handbook on the Letter from Jude and the Second Letter from Peter. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1993. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
ARNDT, W.; DANKER, F. W.; BAUER, W. A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. 3rd. ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
ARRUDA JUNIOR, V. M. Um estudo dos termos hebraicos e gregos vertidos por remanescente: lexicografia e teologia. 2014. 214 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Intra-Corpus em Teologia) – Seminário Adventista Latino-Americano de Teologia, Cachoeira-BA, 2014.
AUNE, D. E. Revelation 6-16. Dallas, TX: Word, Incorporated, 2002a. (Word Biblical Commentary, v. 52B).
AUNE, D. E. Revelation 17-22. Dallas, TX: Word, Incorporated, 2002b. (Word Biblical Commentary, v. 52C).
BARRETT, C. K. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles Volume I. New York, NY; London: T&T Clark International, 2004a. (The International Critical Commentary).
BARRETT, C. K. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles Volume II. New York, NY; London, UK: T&T Clark International; 2004b. (The International Critical Commentary).
BEALE, G. K. The Book of Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans; Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Press, 1999.
BEET, J. A. Beet's Commentaries: 1 Corinthians. Electronic ed. Albany, NY: Ages Software, 1999.
BIBLEWORKS. Norfolk:LLC.8.0.013z.1, 2009.
BOLES, K. L. Galatians & Ephesians. Eletronic ed. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1993. (The College Press NIV Commentary).
BOVON, F.; KOESTER, H. Luke 1: A Commentary on the Gospel of Luke 1:1-9:50. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2002.
BRATCHER, R. G.; HATTON, H. A Handbook on the Revelation to John. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1993. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
BRATCHER, R. G.; NIDA, E. A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1993. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
BRUCE, F. F. 1 and 2 Thessalonians. Dallas, TX: Word, Incorporated, 2002. (Word Biblical Commentary, v. 45).
BURTON, E. W. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1920. (The International Critical Commentary).
CONZELMANN, H. 1 Corinthians: A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress Press, 1975. (Hermeneia – a Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible).
COTTRELL, J. Romans: Volume 1. Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., c1996-1998. (College Press NIV Commentary).
DAVIES, W. D.; ALLISON, D. C. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew Volume III. London, UK; New York, NY: T&T Clark International, 2004. (The International Critical Commentary).
DORNELES, V. (Ed.). Comentário Bíblico Adventista do Sétimo Dia. Tatuí: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2013. v. 5.
DORNELES, V. (Ed.). Comentário Bíblico Adventista do Sétimo Dia. Tatuí: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2014. v. 6.
ELLINGWORTH, P.; HATTON, H. A Handbook on Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1995. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
ELLINGWORTH, P.; NIDA, E. A. A Handbook on Paul's Letters to the Thessalonians. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1994. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
FRANCE, R. T. The Gospel of Mark: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans; Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Press, 2002.
GARLAND, D. E. 1 Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003. (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament).
GOULD, E. P. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to St. Mark. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1922. (The International Critical Commentary).
HAGNER, D. A. Matthew 14-28. Dallas, TX: Word. Incorporated, 2002. (Word Biblical Commentary, v. 33B).
HASEL, G. Remnant. In: BROMILEY, G. W. (Ed.). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1988. p. 130-134. v. 4.
JOHNSON, E. A. Aspects of the remnant concept in the Gospel of Matthew. 1984. 416 f. Tese (Doctor of Philosophy) – Andrews University Seventh-Day Adventist Theological Seminary, Berrien Springs, MI, 1985.
KISTEMAKER, S. J. Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953-2001a. (New Testament Commentary, v. 17).
KISTEMAKER, S. J. Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953-2001b. (New Testament Commentary, v. 18).
KISTEMAKER, S. J. Exposition of the Book of Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1953-2001c. (New Testament Commentary, v. 20).
KOVAR, J. O remanescente e os mandamentos de Deus. In: RODRÍGUEZ, A. M. (Org.). Teologia do remanescente: uma perspectiva eclesiológica adventista. Tatuí: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2012. p. 115-129.
LEHMANN, R. P. O remanescente no Apocalipse. In: RODRÍGUEZ, A. M. (Org.). Teologia do remanescente: uma perspectiva eclesiológica adventista. Tatuí: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2012. p. 86-114.
LOCK, W. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles (I & II Timothy and Titus). Edinburgh, UK: T. & T. Clark, 1924. (The International Critical Commentary).
LOH, I-J.; NIDA, E. A. A Handbook on Paul's Letter to the Philippians. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1995. (UBS Helps for Translators; UBS Handbook).
LOUW, J.; NIDA, E. A. Léxico grego-português do Novo Testamento: baseado em domínios semânticos. Barueri: Sociedade Bíblica do Brasil, 2013.
LUZ, U.; KOESTER, H. Matthew 21-28: A Commentary. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 2005.
MENDONZA, O. El remanente en Apocalipsis 12 al 14 y la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día. Didajé Revista Bíblico-Teológica, v. 1, n. 1, p. 73-108, 2012. Disponível em: http://oscarsmendoza.blogspot.com.br/2013/04/revista-biblico-teologica-didaje-1-no-1.html. Acesso em: 27 maio 2014.
MOO, D. J. The epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: W.B. Eerdmans, 1996. (The New International Commentary on the New Testament).
MOUNCE, W. D. Fundamentos do grego bíblico: livro de gramática. São Paulo: Vida, 2009.
MUELLER, E. El remanente del tiempo final en Apocalipsis. Advenimiento Revista Bíblico-Teológica. Chillán, v. 3, n. 1, p. 42-61, 2006.
NEWMAN, B. M.; NIDA, E. A. A Handbook on the Acts of the Apostles. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1993. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
NEWMAN, B. M.; STINE, P. C. A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1992. (UBS Helps for Translators; UBS Handbook Series).
O'BRIEN, P. T. The Letter to the Ephesians. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1999. (The Pillar New Testament Commentary).
OMANSON, R. L.; ELLINGTON, J. A Handbook on Paul's Second Letter to the Corinthians. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1993. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
OSBORNE, G. R. Revelation. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2002. (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament).
PAGE, T. E. The Acts of the Apostles. London, UK: Macmillan, 1886.
PLUMMER, A. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to S. Luke. London, UK: T&T Clark International, 1896. (The International Critical Commentary).
POLLARD, L. N. The function of loipos in contexts of judgment and salvation in the book of Revelation. 2007. 518 f. Tese (Doctor of Philosophy) – Andrews University Seventh-Day Adventist Theological Seminary, Berrien Springs, MI, 2007. Disponível em: http://search.proquest.com/pqdtft/docview/304760568/138CDACA25A646038FF/30?accountid=53268. Acesso em: 27 ago. 2012.
REGA, L. S. Noções do grego bíblico. 4. ed. São Paulo: Vida Nova, 1999.
REILING, J.; SWELLENGREBEL, J. L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. New York, NY: United Bible Societies, 1993. (UBS Handbook Series; Helps for Translators).
ROBERTSON, A.; PLUMMER, A. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the First Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1911. (The International Critical Commentary).
SCHREINER, T. R. Romans. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1998. (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament).
SILVA, C. M. D. Metodologia da exegese bíblica. 2. ed. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2003.
STEIN, R. H. Luke. Electronic ed. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2001. (Logos Library System; The New American Commentary, v. 24).
STERN, D. H. Jewish New Testament Commentary: A Companion Volume to the Jewish New Testament. Electronic ed. Clarksville, TN: Jewish New Testament Publications, 1996.
SWETE, H. B. The Apocalypse of St. John. 2nd. ed. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1907.
VINCENT, M. R. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistles to the Philippians and to Philemon. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1897. (The International Critical Commentary).
WAHLEN, C. O remanescente nos Evangelhos. In: RODRÍGUEZ, A. M. (Org.). Teologia do remanescente: uma perspectiva eclesiológica adventista. Tatuí: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2012. p. 61-76.
WALLACE, D. B. Gramática grega: uma sintaxe exegética do Novo Testamento. São Paulo: Editora Batista Regular do Brasil, 2009.
WEBSTER, E. C. O milênio. In: DEDEREN, R. (Ed.). Tratado de teologia Adventista do Sétimo Dia. Tatuí: Casa Publicadora Brasileira, 2011. p. 1024-1045.
WUEST, K. S. Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament For the English Reader. Eletronic. ed. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1997.